Panos Koutrakos is Professor of European Law at City Law School.  He previous appointments were at the Universities of Bristol, Durham, and Birmingham. He has held visiting posts the Universities of Melbourne, Sydney, New South Wales, Iowa, Michigan, and Antwerp. He has written widely in EU law generally and EU external relations in particular: he is the author of, amongst others, The EU Common Security and Defence Policy (Oxford University Press, 2013) and EU International Relations Law (Hart Publishing, 2006 – the 2nd edition forthcoming in 2015), the editor of European Foreign Policy – Legal and Political Perspectives (Elgar Publishing, 2011), and the joint editor of, amongst others, The International Responsibility of the European Union – European and International Perspectives (with M. Evans) Hart Publishing, 2013). He has contributed to training programmes for judges and civil servants from Switzerland and central and eastern Europe. He is the joint editor of the European Law Review.